Brain Mapping & Neurofeedback Clinic
What is Neurofeedback?
Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback, offers an interactive and medication-free treatment option to improve self-regulation in specific areas of brain function. Through harnessing neuroplasticity, neurofeedback empowers individuals to improve brain function, alleviate stress, enhance performance, and achieve more regulated patterns of neural activity. When coupled with Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) brain mapping, neurofeedback provides a comprehensive understanding of brain dynamics, allowing for a tailored and precise approach to neurofeedback therapy aimed at improving transdiagnostic executive function skills, which is the main treatment focus at NCNbA.
What is a qEEG Brain Map and Why is it Important?
A qEEG brain map (or a “q” as it is commonly called) is a diagnostic tool that visualizes the electrical activity in the brain. By measuring and analyzing the brain’s electrical patterns, qEEG generates a comprehensive map illustrating different frequencies and their distribution across various brain regions. Nineteen (19) sensors are positioned on the head’s surface to record brain wave activity across those areas. qEEG measures various brainwaves, such as delta (linked to deep sleep and restoration), theta (associated with relaxation and creative states), alpha (indicative of wakeful relaxation), beta (linked to active and focused mental states), and gamma frequencies (tied to higher cognitive functions). This detailed analysis provides a nuanced understanding of cognitive and emotional processes, allowing for targeted interventions in neurofeedback to enhance specific mental states and functions.
The qEEG is noninvasive and painless, in contrast to procedures like SPECT or PET scans, which use radioactive tracers injected into the bloodstream. A qEEG measures electrical brain activity for analysis, but does not directly interact with the brain. The recorded EEG data is processed through an FDA-approved normative database, allowing for a reference comparison to same age peers. This analysis aids in identifying abnormal areas, which informs a focused neurofeedback treatment.
Brain mapping with qEEG to guide neurofeedback and other treatments is important for several reasons:
- Individualized Insight: A qEEG brain map offers personalized understanding of an individual’s brain function, highlighting unique patterns and identifying areas with imbalances or irregularities.
- Treatment Guidance: In the context of neurofeedback therapy, a qEEG brain map serves as a guide, helping clinicians tailor neurofeedback sessions to target specific areas associated with an individual’s symptoms or goals. This enhances the precision and effectiveness of the intervention.
- Objective Assessment: Unlike subjective measures, qEEG provides an objective assessment of brain activity. This quantitative data aids in diagnosing various conditions and tracking changes over time, contributing to more informed decision-making in treatment planning.
- Baseline Comparison: A qEEG brain map can be used as a baseline for monitoring progress. Periodic assessments allow clinicians to observe changes in brain function, providing valuable feedback on the effectiveness of interventions and guiding adjustments to the treatment plan.
- Resting State EEG: Additionally, qEEG can capture data during resting states, offering insights into baseline brain activity when an individual is not actively engaged in a task. This resting state EEG data provides a comprehensive view of intrinsic brain function, contributing further to the overall understanding of an individual’s neural dynamics.
- Limitations of Medication-Based Treatments: Unlike medications for psychiatric or cognitive issues, which may lack treatment specificity, qEEG-guided neurofeedback surpasses temporary symptom suppression. Medications may offer momentary relief, but they likely do not retrain the brain to autonomously generate stable, healthier brain wave patterns that result in enduring symptom reduction. The precision of neurofeedback treatments in retraining the brain and achieving healthier brain wave patterns makes them conducive to producing sustained and positive long-term improvements.
Guided by the analysis of the brain map, customized neurofeedback protocols are devised to address specific symptoms associated with dysregulated functional networks.
For instance, if a client with ADHD reports challenges in sustaining concentration and in working memory, behavior rating scales also show these issues, and the qEEG brain map reveals abnormalities in the “dorsal attention network,” then neurofeedback treatment focuses on enhancing the functioning and connectivity within the abnormal or dysregulated areas of the “dorsal attention network.” Furthermore, the neurofeedback approach guided by the brain mapping extends to improving connections between the attentional network and other pertinent networks, aiming to optimize overall brain functioning for improved concentration.
In sum, a qEEG brain map, including normed referenced comparison of resting state EEG, is a powerful tool that bridges the gap between subjective experiences and objective data. It offers a deeper understanding of brain function and informs targeted interventions for optimal well-being.
Why Choose NCNbA for Neurofeedback?
The first reason is that we follow a scientist-practitioner model and do not oversell or make wild, false claims to our clients or the public about “healing ADHD” or “curing autism” or “fixing” any other complex mental health issues with neurofeedback. We offer neurofeedback because after 50+ years of research it remains an empirically supported recommendation for individuals dealing with a range of challenges, encompassing mental health conditions, cognitive function issues, memory issues, traumatic brain injury, and those seeking peak performance and brain optimization.
The second reason is that Dr. Brigidi is a neuroscientist and neuropsychologist, and he and his colleagues are highly skilled in this treatment modality and dedicated to guiding you through the process, ensuring that you derive maximum benefit from your sessions.
How Many Neurofeedback Sessions Do I Need? And Do I Need to Come to the Office? Finding the Right Balance.
The ideal number of neurofeedback sessions varies based on factors like the specific condition and individual responsiveness. Typically spanning 20 to 40 sessions, neurofeedback is a gradual process. For complex issues like acquired brain injuries or neurodevelopmental disorders, extended treatment courses may be necessary, potentially going beyond the usual range. Regular assessments, including qEEG brain map evaluations, guide adjustments. We rely on open, genuine communication with our clients about their progress and with compassion we challenge them to ensure a personalized and effective treatment plan, optimizing neurofeedback benefits for sustainable positive outcomes.
Clients can conveniently participate in neurofeedback sessions either at our clinic, benefiting from the in-person expertise of trained clinicians and technicians, or in the comfort of their homes. The at-home option allows for flexibility while ensuring that clients are supervised by professionals, maintaining a high standard of guidance and support throughout the neurofeedback process.
What are the Benefits of Neurofeedback?
Neurofeedback, a painless and safe therapy suitable for all ages, offers numerous benefits for various brain health and mental health concerns. By facilitating brain retraining, it empowers individuals with behavioral issues to gain self-control, boost confidence, and adopt healthier patterns of behavior. For those struggling with emotional stress and anxiety, neurofeedback aids in effective self-regulation and promotes more positive responses to distressing situations. Additionally, it enhances the performance of high achievers by optimizing brain function.
Beyond these applications, neurofeedback therapy in a professional setting addresses a wide array of conditions. Clients have reported improvements in memory, focus, and impulse control, as well as reductions in anxiety, enhanced mental clarity, better sleep quality, improved mood, and a range of other benefits following neurofeedback sessions.
How Does Neurofeedback Work? And What Does the Research Say About Neurofeedback?
Neurofeedback operates on the principle of self-regulation, employing a mechanism akin to operant conditioning. In a neurofeedback session, sensors placed on the scalp meticulously monitor brainwave activity. Real-time feedback, delivered through audio and visual cues, engages individuals in a dynamic process. For instance, screen dimming during a movie or the movement of a character in a game serves as immediate feedback. This setup prompts the brain to modulate brainwave patterns. Successful shifts towards desired states, such as heightened focus or relaxation, are met with positive reinforcement, creating a rewarding loop that enhances the brain’s capacity for self-regulation.
This process leverages the neuroplasticity of the brain, capitalizing on its adaptability to reshape neural pathways through operant conditioning. The incorporation of dynamic, real-world scenarios in the feedback mechanism, such as those found in audio-visual environments, further refines the precision and applicability of neurofeedback.
Research on neurofeedback has yielded promising results across various applications. Notable studies include:
ADHD: A meta-analysis by Arns et al. (2009) found that neurofeedback training significantly improved attention and impulsivity in individuals with ADHD.
- Beauregard, M., & Levesque, J. (2006): Investigated the effects of neurofeedback training on neural bases of selective attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD.
- Gevensleben, H., et al. (2009): Conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial exploring the efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD.
- Levesque, J., Beauregard, M., & Mensour, B. (2006): Explored the effect of neurofeedback training on the neural substrates of selective attention in children with ADHD through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
- Omizo, M. M., & Michael, W. B. (1982): Investigated biofeedback-induced relaxation training and its impact on impulsivity, attention to task, and locus of control among hyperactive boys.
- Rivera, E., & Omizo, M. M. (1980): Explored the effects of relaxation and biofeedback on attention to task and impulsivity among male hyperactive children.
Research has also indicated the effectiveness of neurofeedback in the following conditions:
- Anxiety: Hammond (2005) demonstrated the efficacy of neurofeedback in reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders.
- Depression: Wang and Hsieh (2013) indicated that neurofeedback training contributed to improvements in depressive symptoms.
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Thornton and Carmody (2005) explored the positive impact of neurofeedback on cognitive function and emotional well-being in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Van der Kolk et al. (2016) discussed the potential of neurofeedback as a complementary approach in the treatment of PTSD, emphasizing its role in addressing dysregulated neural patterns from trauma.
- The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes neurofeedback as being a Level 1 – “Best Support” intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
As neurofeedback evolves, the integration of operant conditioning principles and dynamic, real-world feedback conditions continues to be a key focus of exploration. It is essential to note that individual responses to neurofeedback may vary, and ongoing research contributes to a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and potential applications. Ongoing research, supported by these cited studies, contributes to a deeper understanding of its mechanisms, affirming neurofeedback’s position as a dynamic and intriguing field within mental health and cognitive enhancement.
Clients Who Can Benefit from Neurofeedback?
Individuals across the age spectrum, from children and teens to adults, may discover the benefits of neurofeedback. This therapeutic approach empowers you to regulate your brain waves, facilitating the attainment of desired brain states. This ability to achieve and sustain specific states is pivotal for enhancing behavior, emotional well-being, and overall brain balance. Neurofeedback extends its application to optimizing athletic or musical performance and fostering greater workplace achievements.
Successfully employed across various conditions, neurofeedback has proven effective in addressing symptoms associated with:
- Acquired Brain Injury
- ADD/ADHD
- Anxiety
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Behavioral Disorders
- Depression
- Learning DisordersMemory problems
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Pain management
- PMS
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Sleep Problems
- Stress
- Traumatic brain injury/concussions
